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What is concordance and discordance?

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Charlotte Adams

Published Mar 08, 2026

What is concordance and discordance?

A pair of observations is concordant if the subject who is higher on one variable is also higher on the other variable. A pair of observations is discordant if the subject who is higher on one variable is lower on the other variable.

Consequently, what is concordance and discordance in logistic regression?

It looks at all possible pairs of observations. A pair is concordant if the observation with the larger value of X. also has the larger value of Y. A pair is discordant if the observation with the larger value of X has the smaller value of Y; here, X and Y are the predicted value and the actual value.

One may also ask, how do you find concordant and discordant pairs? A pair is concordant if the subject ranked higher on X also ranks higher on Y. The pair is discordant if the subject ranking higher on X ranks lower on Y. The pair is tied if the subjects have the same classification on X and/or Y.

Keeping this in consideration, what is concordance in statistics?

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In statistics, the concordance correlation coefficient measures the agreement between two variables, e.g., to evaluate reproducibility or for inter-rater reliability.

What is discordant and concordant?

Discordant coastline occurs where bands of differing rock type run perpendicular to the coast. A concordant coastline occurs where the bands of differing rock types run parallel to the coast. The outer hard provides a protective barrier to erosion of the softer rocks further inland.

How do you interpret concordance?

INTERPRETATION: The total number of Concordant pairs are counted and divided by the total number of pairs. This will give us the value of concordance ratio. The higher the concordance ratio, the better is the model.

What is concordant value?

Concordant readings are frequently encountered in titrations in chemistry, where titre values are said to be concordant if they are within 0.20 cm3 of each other. By Me: “Concordant readings are the ones that are accounted for errors. Systematic errors are due to or by the setup of the experiment or the experimenter…

What are the assumptions of logistic regression?

Some Logistic regression assumptions that will reviewed include: dependent variable structure, observation independence, absence of multicollinearity, linearity of independent variables and log odds, and large sample size.

What is a good C statistic?

The C-statistic can range from 0.50 to 1.00, with higher values indicating better predictive models. A rough rule for interpretation is that C-statistics above 0.80 indicate very good models, between 0.70 and 0.80 good models, and between 0.50 and 0.70 weak models.

What is C index in statistics?

What is a C-Statistic? The concordance statistic is equal to the area under a ROC curve. The C-statistic (sometimes called the “concordance” statistic or C-index) is a measure of goodness of fit for binary outcomes in a logistic regression model.

What is the purpose of a concordance?

A Bible concordance is a concordance, or verbal index, to the Bible. A simple form lists Biblical words alphabetically, with indications to enable the inquirer to find the passages of the Bible where the words occur.

What does E mean in statistics?

E(X) refers to the expected value of random variable X. b(x; n, P) refers to binomial probability. b*(x; n, P) refers to negative binomial probability. h(x; N, n, k) refers to hypergeometric probability.

What is a good concordance index?

The index of concordance is a “global” index for validating the predictive ability of a survival model. It is the fraction of pairs in your data, where the observation with the higher survival time has the higher probability of survival predicted by your model. As far as I remember it equivalent to a rank correlation.

What is a concordance rate?

Concordance Rate is a term that is used in statistics and by geneticists to describe the rate of probability that two people with shared genes will develop the same organic disease.

What is C value in logistic regression?

The trade-off parameter of logistic regression that determines the strength of the regularization is called C, and higher values of C correspond to less regularization (where we can specify the regularization function).C is actually the Inverse of regularization strength(lambda)

How do you interpret a concordance correlation coefficient?

A similarly named statistic is the coefficient of concordance (often called the “W statistic“), which is used to assess agreement between different raters.

Interpretation

  1. < 0.90: poor.
  2. 0.90 to 0.95: moderate.
  3. 0.95 to 0.99: substantial.
  4. > 0.99 almost perfect.

How do you calculate the area under a ROC curve?

If the ROC curve were a perfect step function, we could find the area under it by adding a set of vertical bars with widths equal to the spaces between points on the FPR axis, and heights equal to the step height on the TPR axis.

What Is Somers d statistic?

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In statistics, Somers' D, sometimes incorrectly referred to as Somer's D, is a measure of ordinal association between two possibly dependent random variables X and Y. Somers' D takes values between when all pairs of the variables disagree and. when all pairs of the variables agree

What does Kendall Tau b measure?

Introduction. Kendall's tau-b (τb) correlation coefficient (Kendall's tau-b, for short) is a nonparametric measure of the strength and direction of association that exists between two variables measured on at least an ordinal scale.

How do you calculate Kendall's tau rank correlation coefficient?

Kendall's Tau (Kendall Rank Correlation Coefficient)
  1. Kendall's Tau = (C – D / C + D) Where C is the number of concordant pairs and D is the number of discordant pairs.
  2. Sample Question: Two interviewers ranked 12 candidates (A through L) for a position. The results from most preferred to least preferred are:
  3. Need help with a homework or test question?
  4. Comments?

What is a Dalmatian coastline?

They are broader and deeper than rias and have very steep sides. They are a common landform along the coast of Norway. A dalmation coastline is formed where the geology creates valleys parallel to the coast so that when sea level rises, a series of elongated islands remain offshore.

What is a haff coastline?

: a long shallow lagoon separated from the open sea by a narrow sandbar or barrier beach (as on the Baltic coast of Germany)

Is Durdle Door concordant or discordant?

The form of the coastline around Durdle Door is controlled by its geology—both by the contrasting hardnesses of the rocks, and by the local patterns of faults and folds. The arch has formed on a concordant coastline where bands of rock run parallel to the shoreline.

How are discordant coastlines formed?

A discordant coastline occurs where bands of different rock type run perpendicular to the coast. The differing resistance to erosion leads to the formation of headlands and bays. The Portland limestone is resistant to erosion; then to the north there is a bay at Swanage where the rock type is a softer greensand.

How is a cliff formed?

Cliffs are usually formed because of processes called erosion and weathering. Weathering happens when natural events, like wind or rain, break up pieces of rock. In coastal areas, strong winds and powerful waves break off soft or grainy rocks from hardier rocks. The harder rocks are left as cliffs.

How is a cove formed?

Coves are formed by differential erosion, which occurs when softer rocks are worn away faster than the harder rocks surrounding them. These rocks further erode to form a circular bay with a narrow entrance, called a cove.

What is the difference between concordant and discordant plutonic bodies?

A discordant igneous rock body cuts across the pre-exiting rock bed. A concordant igneous rock body runs parallel to the pre-existing bedrock. Laccoliths and sills are examples of concordant igneous rock bodies. A laccolith is a dome shaped intrusive body that has intruded between layers of sedimentary rock.

How are headlands created?

Headlands and bays. Headlands are formed when the sea attacks a section of coast with alternating bands of hard and soft rock. The bands of soft rock, such as sand and clay, erode more quickly than those of more resistant rock, such as chalk. This leaves a section of land jutting out into the sea called a headland.

How does geology affect the coastline?

Geology The geological structure of coasts and the types of rock found there influence the erosion landscapes formed. Four types of erosion: Hydraulic action—the weight and impact of water against the coastline and cliffs erodes them. Abrasion—breaking waves throw sand and pebbles against the coast during storms.

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